Ana betancourt biography pdf

Ana Betancourt

Cuban revolutionary

For the Colombian cyclist, see Ana-M. Betancourt.

`

Ana Betancourt

Born

Ana Betancourt


14 December

Camagüey, Cuba

Died2 July () (aged&#;68)

Madrid, Spain

Known&#;forSupport of Cuban independence from Spain and her support of women's emancipation as part of the struggle

Ana Betancourt (14 December – 7 February ) was a Cuban woman who took a leading role in the war of independence from Spain.[1] She is a national heroine in Cuba.

Life

Ana Betancourt was born on 14 December &#;in Camagüey, Cuba to a wealthy land owning family.[2] When she was 22, she was exposed to revolutionary ideas from her marriage to Ignacio Mora y de la Pera. He was extremely educated and strongly believed in independence.[2] &#;During the first stage of revolutionary conflict in known as the Ten Years War, Betancourt turned her home into a command center, supplying rebels with supplies and helping spread propaganda.

Weapons were hidden in the house and varying proclamations were written there.[3] Eventually, Spanish officers found Betancourt and she was forced to flee into the jungle.

Ana betancourt biography To tell the story of our nation, we need to name many women. But to speak of female emancipation, both in Cuba and throughout Latin America, we need to evoke Ana Betancourt. She was born into a wealthy Creole [1] family, which allowed her to study subjects such as music, religion, embroidery, sewing and domestic economy. Being under the domination of a metropolis like Spain, considered one of the most severe at the time in terms of application of codes of conduct, heightened the patriarchal culture of the country. Women like Anna were trained, from early childhood, to be good wives.

It was at this time she gave her famous speech at the Constitutional Assembly of Cuban patriots at Guáimaro in which she advocated for women having more freedoms in the new government.[4] Betancourt was becoming a well known Mambisa. It was at this time, she, along with her husband contributed to the newspaper, "The Mambí" which highlighted on the contributions of the Mambises in rural areas.

On 9 July , she and her husband were taken by surprise by the Spanish forces. Utilizing quick thinking, Betancourt was able to save her husband &#;but arthritis in her legs made it impossible to escape.[2] She was kept outdoors under a tree for three months until she escaped captivity in [2] She hid in Havana but was then exiled to Mexico.

Betancourt then spent time in New York where she visited Ulysses Grant, to ask the US to pardon imprisoned Cuban medical students. She then lived in Jamaica, where in she heard that her husband had been executed.[2] Following her escape she never saw la Pera again. She was to return to Cuba following his death. She eventually left Cuba again, visiting New York and then settling in Spain.

Ana betancourt biography images

During the s, Mambisas female rebels were among the first Cuban women to take action against their forced roles in society. These women, including many mothers and wives, joined in the fight for independence from Spain. Ana Betancourt, one of the leading women in the fight for independence, spearheaded the change. She grew up in a wealthy household with land-owning family. Knowing this, it is no surprise that she took classes in religion, sewing, embroidery, music, and home economics, which many less fortunate girls were unable to do.

She transcribed her husband's war time journal and kept active correspondence with Cuban patriots up until her death.[2] At the age of 69 she was about to return to her native country but contracted fulminating bronchopneumonia and died before she could begin her journey. She died in Cuba was occupied by the US at time and her remains were unable to be sent to Cuba until She was then buried in the pantheon of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, in the Cemetery Colón in Havana.[2] After this honor, a mausoleum was erected for her in Guáimaro, the site of her famous speech.[2] She remains there to this day.

Mambisas

The first Cuban war of independence from Spain began in Women, known as Mambisas, played a significant role in the war in a variety of different ways. These women played active roles in the conflict as insurgents, nurses, and even officers in certain cases.[5] The mambisas supported the cause in more subtle ways as well.

They fundraised for the Mambi and organized pro-independence groups while also acting as reporters and journalists.[5] They advocated for both independence as well as increased rights for women.[5] Betancourt is one of the most famous of the Mambisas. Other famous ones include, Melba Hernández, Haydeé Santamaria, Celia Sanchez Manduley, and many more.[2] All of these women helped move the revolution forward.

Speech at the Constituent Assembly of Guáimaro

The Speech at the Constituent Assembly of Guáimaro is one of the first pieces from Cuban feminists during the Cuban revolution.[6] Betancourt gave the speech to the leaders of the Cuban revolutionary when they were taking refuge in the jungles of Guáimaro from the Spanish military.

In it, Betancourt looked at the issues of colonialism and slavery and linked them to the struggles of Cuban women.[6] She argued that Cuba had freed enslaved people and should now work to emancipate the woman, and lawmakers should make it a central focus when they create policies following the revolution.[7] Betancourt advocated for women's rights well up until her death.[7]

Commemorations

She is commemorated in the modern Cuba by the Order of Ana Betancourt medal, awarded to Cuban women who "demonstrate revolutionary and internationalist merit and anti-imperialist fidelity and/or great merit in a field of work that contributes to the national interest." Originally this was the highest award of the Federation of Cuban Women, and the order was officially sanctioned in as a state award.[8] Notable recipients include the Palestinian poet May Sayegh.

In honor of all the work Ana Betancourt did for women, a series of schools have been created in her honor across Cuba.[9] The Ana Betancourt schools were established originally in the s.[10] The school's purpose was to get rural girls up to a sixth grade education and had two coinciding goals.

Ana betancourt biography wikipedia This guest article was contributed by friends in Cuba. As with all young, wealthy Cuban women, she took classes in religion, sewing, embroidery, music and home economics. You want to destroy the slavery of the cradle, fighting until death. You have destroyed the slavery of color, emancipating the slave. The moment has arrived to liberate the woman!

They wanted to both instill revolutionary ideals along with vocational skills, and provide opportunities for prostitutes and those employed in domestic service to join the work force.[10] In the beginning year alone over 6, rural girls were brought in for six month programs.[11] Looking towards post-revolutionary years, a number of Ana Betancourt Schools still exist in Cuba today and continue to serve communities of women in both urban and rural parts of Cuba.[7]

References

Citations

  1. ^K.

    Lynn Stoner; Luiś Hipólito Serrano Pérez, eds. (). Cuban and Cuban American women&#;: an annotated bibliography (1st&#;ed.). Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources. p.&#;9. ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ abcdefghi"Ana Betancourt: An imperishable Cuban woman".

    Workers World. 25 February Retrieved 6 November

  3. ^Volo, Lorraine Bayard de (1 February ). Women and the Cuban Insurrection: How Gender Shaped Castro's Victory.

  4. Ana betancourt miami
  5. Ana betancourt linkedin
  6. Ana betancourt modelo colombiana
  7. Clear
  8. Ana Betancourt - Infinite Women

    9. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.

  9. ^Stoner, K. Lynn (). From the house to the streets&#;: the Cuban woman's movement for legal reform, . Durham: Duke University Press. pp.&#;22– ISBN&#;.
  10. ^ abcFerrer, Ada ().

    "Review of Mambisas: Rebel Women in Nineteenth-Century Cuba". NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. 82 (3/4): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;

  11. ^ abShaffer, Alysia (). What Women Want: Emancipation, Cuban Women, and the New Man Ideology (MA thesis).

    University of Toledo. Archived from the original on 6 November Retrieved 6 November

  12. ^ abcBoelts, Sarah (June ). "(Em)bodied Exiles in Contemporary Cuban Literature: Zoé Valdés and Mayra Montero"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 October Retrieved 24 October
  13. ^Janda, Margaret Randall with photographs by Judy ().

    Women in Cuba&#;: twenty years later. New York: Smyrna Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  14. ^Maloof, Judy (). Voices of resistance&#;: testimonies of Cuban and Chilean women. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  15. ^ abVoices of Resistance: Testimonies of Cuban and Chilean Women (1&#;ed.).

    University Press of Kentucky. ISBN&#;. JSTOR&#;0.

  16. ^Chase, Michelle (1 January ). "The Country and the City in the Cuban Revolution"(PDF).

    Ana betancourt biography wife Ana Betancourt 14 December — 7 February was a Cuban woman who took a leading role in the war of independence from Spain. He was extremely educated and strongly believed in independence. Weapons were hidden in the house and varying proclamations were written there. On 9 July , she and her husband were taken by surprise by the Spanish forces. Utilizing quick thinking, Betancourt was able to save her husband but arthritis in her legs made it impossible to escape.

    Colombia Internacional. 73 (73): – doi/colombiaint

Sources

  • Mariano Jimenez II and Mariano G. Jiménez (September ). "Ana Betancourt en Patriotas Cubanas" (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 September [dead link&#;]
  • "Ana Betancourt Order".

    Orders and Medals Society of America. Archived from the original on 19 July Retrieved 9 September

  • Lázaro David Najarro Pujo.

  • Ana betancourt biography married
  • Ana betancourt biography husband
  • Ana betancourt biography pdf

    • "Ana Betancourt de Mora: A history, a woman, a city". Radio Cadena Agramonte. Archived from the original on 30 June Retrieved 9 September

  • Stoner, K. Lynn (). Cuban and Cuban-American Women: An Annotated Bibliography. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN&#;.
  • Smith, Lois M.; Padula, Alfred (). Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba.

    USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.

  • Maloof, Judy, ed.

    Ana betancourt biography married: Ana Betancourt (14 December – 7 February ) was a Cuban woman who took a leading role in the war of independence from Spain. [1] She is a national heroine in Cuba.

    "Women and the Cuban Revolution." In Voices of Resistance: Testimonies of Cuban and Chilean Women, 1st ed., 21– University Press of Kentucky,

  • Boelts, Sarah. "(Em)bodied Exiles in Contemporary Cuban Literature: Zoé Valdés and Mayra Montero". University of Minnesota,
  • Chase, Michelle. "The Country and the City in the Cuban Revolution." Colombia Internacional 73, (): –
  • Enríquez, Rosa María Olivia; Ildefonso Gustavo Díaz Sandoval (23 February ).

    "Ana Betancourt: An Imperishable Cuban Woman". Workers World. Retrieved 10 September

  • Shaffer, Alysia. "What Women Want: Emancipation, Cuban Women, and the New Man Ideology,"
  • Brenner, Philip, and Peter Eisner. "Struggle for Independence, " Essay. In Cuba Libre: A Year Quest for Independence.

    Lanham, Mar.: Rowman & Littlefield,

  • Volo, Lorraine Bayard de. "A Movement Is Born: Military Defeat and Political Victory at Moncada." Essay. In Women and the Cuban Insurrection How Gender Shaped Castro's Victory. New York: Cambridge University Press,
  • Ferrer, Ada. "Mambisa's: Rebel Women in 19th Century Cuba"by Teresa Pradostorreira.

    New West Indian Guide 82, (): –

External links

Media related to Ana Betancourt at Wikimedia Commons